Home Appendices - Literature



  • A detailed on the research and complete bibliography till 1970 in:
    Alfred Becker, Franks Casket Zu den Bildern und Inschriften des Runenkästchens von Auzon, Regensburger Arbeiten zur Anglistik und Amerikanistik, Bd. 5 (1973)

  • An excellent description of the Anglo-Saxon warrior from his weapons to his world of ideas and the reflection thereof in literature offers
    Stephen Pollington,
    The English Warrior from earliest times to 1066, Anglo-Saxon Books (Norfolk 1996).

  • Clark, Hall & Meritt, A Concise Dictionary with a supplement by Meritt, Herbert D., A concise Anglo-Saxon dictionary, Fourth Edition; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960; reprinted at Toronto, University of Toronto Press (in association with the Medieval Academy of America), 1984.(of Anglo-Saxon words) are are standard. Very helpful from "here to there" is

  • Stephen Pollington's , Wordcraft Anglo-Saxon Books (Norfolk 1996). It is a key to Anglo-Saxon England by the help of a thesaurus. How would they have said it those days?

  • On the same line with the same author:

    Rudiments of Runelore, Hockwold-cum-Wilton, 1995 - Leechcraft - Early English Charms, Plantlore and Healing, Hockwold-cum-Wilton, 2000

  • - The English Warrior from Earliest Times till 1066, 2nd edition, Hockwold-cum-Wilton, 2002

  • - The Mead-Hall - Feasting in Anglo-Saxon England, Hockwold-cum-Wilton, 2003

  • - The Elder Gods; - The Otherworld of Early England - Anglo-Saxon Books 2011: 520 pages
    An excellent study on Anglo-Saxon mythology, most suitable for illuminating the background of the Franks Casket

  • Wolfgang Golther,
    Handbuch der Germanischen Mythologie, a helpful book, on which the passages on the Valkyrie 'Walküre' (S. 98-116) base.

  • E. Thorsson, the Runelore – A Handbook of Esoteric Runology (1987). Very surprisingly findings there, which do not refer to the Franks Casket verify my findings with regard to it. Excluding the esoteric practice the book presents valuable insight into rune magic ideas.

  • Unequalled with regard to the history as background of the Casket:
    Peter Hunter Blair, Northumbria in the days of Bede (1976: reprint 1996); an intellectual pleasure ground.

  • A clear, short and helpful portrayel of people and places renders P. J. Fairless, Northumbria’s Golden Age (1994).

  • Useful background knowledge Gale R. Owen,
    Rites and Religions of the Anglo-Saxons (1981).

  • An excelent introduction into the old Gemanic calendaric system, on which our calculations base, is presented by
    Andreas E. Zautner, Der gebundene Mondkalender der Germanen: Rekonstruktion eines Lunisolarkalenders nach antiken, mittelalterlichen und frühneuzeitlichen Quellen. Mit einem Beitrag von Alfred Becker (Verlag bookra, 206 Seiten; 2013)

  • And of course we should include the sources they all feed from, as for example The Age of Bede, ed. B. Redice (Penguin) ; or, ad fontes, straight to Bede, Ecclesiastical History of the English People, ed B. Radice (Penguin); but also Anglo Saxon Prose, transl. by M. Sweanton (Everyman 1993).

  • Beda Venerabilis, "XV. De mensibus Anglorum," De temporum ratione, A.D. 725. Jones, Charles W., ed., Bedae Venerabilis opera, pars vi, opera didascalica 2, Corpus christianorum series latina, CXXIIIB, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1976, 329-332 (Chapter XV "De mensibus Anglorum," De temporum ratione).

    Bosworth, Joseph, and Toller, T. Northcote, An Anglo-Saxon dictionary; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1898, 1983.

  • Green, Miranda, The Sun-Gods of Ancient Europe, Hippocrene Books (London 1991)

    Harrison, Kenneth, The Framework of Anglo-Saxon History to AD900 (Cambridge 1976)

  • Harrison, Kenneth, "The primitive Anglo-Saxon calendar," Antiquity, Vol. XLVII, 1973, 284-7.

  • Harrison, Kenneth, "The moon and the Anglo-Saxon calendar," The framework of Anglo-Saxon history to A.D. 900 (Chapter 1); London: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

  • Meaney, A.L. "Bede and Anglo-Saxon Paganism", Parergon ns 3 (1985)

  • Bibliography

    Aa.Vv., San Salvatore di Brescia. Materiali per un museo (Comune di Brescia. Catalogo della mostra giugno-novembre 1978), Brescia 1978.

    H. Arntz, Handbuch der Runenkunde (2. Aufl. 1944; Nachdruck 2007); gute Einführung in die Runologie, aber ohne Anwendung dieser Kenntnisse auf das "Runenkästchen von Auzon" (Franks Casket)

    G. Baesecke, Die Herkunft der Wielanddichtung, PBB 61 (1937), pp. 368-78.

    G. Baldwin Brown, The Arts in Early England, vi, i, London 1930.

    C.J.E. Ball, The Franks Casket: Right Side, English Studies 47 (1966), pp. 119-128.

    C.J.E. Ball, The Franks Casket: Right Side - Again, English Studies 55 (1974)

    A. Bammesberger, Franks Casket: Editor's Note, in A. Bammesberger (ed.), Old English Runes and their Continental Background, Heidelberg 1991, pp. 629-632.

    H. Beck, Einige Vendel-zeitliche Bilddenkmäler und die literarische Überlieferung, Sitzungsberichte der Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.-hist. Klasse, Heft 6, 1964.

    A. Becker, Franks Casket. Zu den Bildern und Inschriften des Runenkästchens von Auzon, Regensburg 1973.

    A. Becker, 'Franks Casket Revisited’, Asterisk: A Quarterly Journal of Historical English Studies, English Philological Society of Japan 12/2 (2003), pp. 84-128

    A. Becker, The Virgin and the Vamp, Asterisk: A Quarterly Journal of Historical English Studies, English Philological Society of Japan 12/4 (2003), pp. 201 - 209

    A. Becker, A Magic Spell, "powered by" a Lunisolar Calendar, Asterisk: A Quarterly Journal of Historical English Studies, English Philological Society of Japan 15/2 (2006), pp. 50 - 73.

    J. Becwith, Ivory Carvings in Early Medieval England, London 1972, pp. 14-18.

    R.C. Boer, Über die rechte Seite des angelsächsischen Runenkästchens, Arkiv för Nordisk Filologi 17 (1911), pp. 216-259.

    R.L.S. Bruce-Mitford, Late Saxon disc-brooches, in D.B. Harden (ed.), Dark Age Britain, Studies presented to E.T. Leeds, London 1956, pp. 171-201.

    R.L.S. Bruce-Mitford, The Reception by the Anglo-Saxons of Mediterranean Art following their Conversion from Ireland and Rome, in La conversione al Cristianesimo nell'Europa dell'Alto Medioevo, sscisam xiv, Spoleto 1967, pp. 797-825.

    A.C. Bouman, The Franks Casket's right Side and Lid, Neophilologus 49 (1965), pp. 241-249.

    B. Bruggink, Runes in and from the British Isles, Amsterdam 1987. (per l'identificazione di sul lato destro)

    J. Campbell (ed.), The Anglo-Saxons, Oxford 1982.

    CDL = Codice diplomatico longobardo, I-II, a cura di L. Schiaparelli, Roma 1929-1933.

    M. Ciccuto, Icone della parola. Immagine e scrittura nella letteratura delle origini, Modena 1995.

    E.G. Clark, The Right Side of the Franks Casket, PMLA 45 (1930), pp. 339-353.

    M. Clunies Ross, A suggested Interpretation of the Scene depicted on the Right-Hand Side of the Franks Casket, Medieval Archaeology 14 (1970), pp. 148-152.

    S.T.R.O. D'Ardenne, Does the right side of the Franks Casket represent the burial of Sigurd?, Études Germaniques 21 (1966), pp. 235-242.

    G. de Francovich, L'Egitto, la Siria e Costantinopoli. Problemi di metodo, Rivista dell'Istituto di Archeologia e storia dell'Arte, n.s. 11-12 (1963), pp. 89-229.

    R. Derolez, Runica Manuscripta. The English Tradition, Brugge 1954.

    R. Derolez, A Key to the Auzon Casket, English Studies 62 (1981), pp. 94-95.

    R. Derolez, Runic Literacy among the Anglo-Saxons, in A. Bammesberger (ed.), Britain 400-600: Language and History, Heidelberg 1990, pp. 397- 436.

    J. de Vries, Bemerkungen zur Wielandsage, in Edda, Skalden, Saga. Festschrift zum 70. Geburtstag von F. Genzmer, Heidelberg 1952.

    E.V.K. Dobbie (ed.), The Anglo-Saxon minor Poems, (ASPR VI), New York, Columbia University Press, 1942, pp. 115-116, 204-207.

    K. Düwel, Runenkunde, Sammlung Metzler 72 (3. Aufl. Stuttgart 2003) pp. 74 - 80

    H. Eichner, Zu Franks Casket/Rune Auzon (Vortragskurzfassung), in A. Bammesberger (ed.), Old English Runes and their Continental Background, Heidelberg 1991, pp. 603-628.

    R.W.V. Elliot, Runes: An Introduction, Manchester-New York 1992.

    H.R. Ellis Davidson, Weland the Smith, Folklore 69 (1958), pp. 145-159.

    H.R. Ellis Davidson, The Smith and the Goddess, Two Figures on the Franks Casket from Auzon, Frühmittelalterliche Studien 3 (1969), pp. 216-226.

    N. Francovich Onesti, La lingua letteraria di Cynewulf, Annali della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, Università di Siena, 14 (1993), pp. 71- 85.

    N. Francovich Onesti, Roman Themes in the Franks Casket, in L'antichità nella cultura europea del Medioevo / L'antiquité dans la culture européenne du Moyen Age (Ergebnisse der internationalen Tagung in Padua, 27.9 - 1.10. 1997), Greifswald 1998, pp. 295-313.

    R. Frank, recensione a Becker, in Speculum 52 (1977), pp. 120-122.

    H. Gabelmann, Antike Audienz- und Tribunalszenen, Darmstadt 1984.

    A. Goldschmidt, Elfenbeinskulpturen aus der Zeit der Karolingischen und Sächsischen Kaiser, II, Berlin 1918.

    D. Haigh, Yorkshire Runic Monuments, The Yorkshire Archaeological and Topographical Journal 2 (1873), pp. 252-288.

    K. Hauck, Germanische Bilddenkmäler des früheren Mittelalters, Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte 31 (1957), pp. 349-379.

    K. Hauck, Auzon, das Bilder- und Runenekästchen, in H. Beck et alii, Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, I, 1973, pp. 514-23.

    K. Hauck, Vorbericht über das Kästchen von Auzon, Frühmittelalterliche Studien 2 (1968), pp. 415-418.

    K. Hauck, Das Kästchen von Auzon. Zur Rezeption spätantiker Genealogien im Frühmittelalter, München 1970.

    H. Kaufmann, Untersuchungen zu altdeutschen Rufnamen, München 1965.

    T.D. Kendrick, Anglo-Saxon Art to A.D. 9OO, London 1938.

    T.D. Kendrick, Late Saxon and Viking Art, London 1949.

    H. Klingenberg: Runenschrift – Schriftdenken – Runeninschriften. Heidelberg 1973

    W. Krause, Erta, ein anglischer Gott, Die Sprache 5 (Festschrift für W. Havers, 1959), pp. 46-54.

    W. Krogmann, Die Verse vom Wal auf dem Runenkästchen von Auzon, Germanisch-Romanische Monatsschrift, n.F. 9 (1959), pp. 88-94.

    H. Kühn, Szenische Darstellungen der germanischen Völkerwanderungszeit, Ipek 15-16 (1941-42), pp. 280-282.

    J. Lang, The Imagery of the Franks Casket: Another Approach, in in J. Hawkes & S. Mills (ed.) Northumbria’s Golden Age (1999) pp. 247 – 255

    W. Levison, England and the Continent in the eighth Century, Oxford 1949.

    S. Lindqvist, Hunningestenen och Franks skrin, Saga och Sed (Kgl. Gustav Adolfs Akademiens Årsbok), 1940, pp. 55-63.

    T. Linsell, Anglo-Saxon Runes, Pinner 1992.

    A.M. Luiselli Fadda, Aspetti e significati della compresenza delle scritture romana e runica nelle iscrizioni anglosassoni, in Incontri di popoli e culture tra V e IX secolo (Atti delle V giornate di studio sull'età romanobarbarica, Benevento, 9-11 giugno 1997), a cura di M. Rotili, Napoli 1998, pp. 89-101.

    K. Malone, The Franks Casket and the Date of Widsith, in A.H. Orrick (ed.), Nordica et Anglica, Studies in Honor of Stefán Einarsson, The Hague 1968, pp. 10-18.

    H. Marquardt, Die Runeninschriften der Britischen Inseln (Bibliographie der Runeninschriften nach Fundorten, Bd. I), Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, Phil.-hist. Klasse, dritte Folge, Nr. 48, Göttingen 1961, pp.10-16.

    H. Mayr-Harting, The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England, London 1991.

    G. Mazzuoli Porru (a cura di), De—or. Poemetto antico-inglese (VIII secolo). Rilettura del testo, Pisa 1996.

    C. Milovanovic;-Barham, Aldhelm's Enigmata and Byzantine Riddles, Anglo-Saxon England 22 (1993), pp. 51-64.

    M.V. Molinari, Overcoming pagan suffering in Deor, Linguistica e Filologia 8 (1998), pp. 7-28.

    M. Müller-Wille, Der frühmittelalterliche Schmied im Spiegel skandinavischer Grabfunde, Frühmittelalterliche Studien 11 (1977), pp. 127-201.

    Th. Müller-Braband, Studien zum Runenkästchen von Auzon und zum Schiffsgrab von Sutton Hoo; Göppinger Arbeiten zur Germanistik 728 (2005)

    A.S. Napier, Contributions to Old English Literature, 2: The Franks Casket, in An English Miscellany presented to Dr. Furnivall, Oxford 1901, pp. 362-381.

    R. Nedoma, Die bildlichen und schriftlichen Denkmäler der Wielandsage, Göppingen 1988, pp. 5-27.

    C. Neuman de Vegvar, The Travelling Twins, in J. Hawkes & S. Mills (ed.) Northumbria’s Golden Age (1999) pp. 256 – 267. Compare Alfred Becker: “Franks Casket. Zu den Bildern und Inschriften des Runenkästchens von Auzon (Regensburg, 1973) pp. 55 - 63

    D. Norberg, Manuale di latino medievale, Firenze 1974 (ed. francese: Manuel pratique de latin médiéval, Paris 1968).

    E. Nylén - J.P. Lamm, Stones, Ships and Symbols. The Picture Stones of Gotland from the Viking Age and before, Stockholm 1988.

    J.D.A. Ogilvy, Books known to the English, 597-1066, Cambridge (Mass.) 1967.

    M. Osborn, Two inconsistent Letters in the Inscription on the Franks Casket, right Side, Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 72 (1971), pp. 3O-34.

    M. Osborn, The Grammar of the Inscription on the Franks Casket, right Side, Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 73 (1972), pp. 663-671.

    M. Osborn, The Picture-Poem on the Front of the Franks Casket, Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 75 (1974), pp. 50-65.

    M. Osborn, The Lid as Conclusion of the Syncretic Theme of the Franks Casket, in A. Bammesberger (ed.), Old English Runes and their Continental Background, Heidelberg 1991, pp. 249-268.

    R.I. Page, Language and Dating in Old English Inscriptions, Anglia 77 (1959), pp. 385-406.

    R.I. Page, An Introduction to English Runes, London 1973.

    R.I. Page, On the Transliteration of English Runes, Medieval Archaeology 28 (1984), pp. 22-45.

    R.I. Page, Runes, London1987, pp. 40-41.

    R.I. Page, Anglo-Saxon Runic Studies: the Way Ahead?, in A. Bammesberger (ed.), Old English Runes and their Continental Background, Heidelberg 1991, pp. 15-39.(Il CF può esser stato portato in Francia dai re normanni)

    R.I. Page, Runes and Runic Inscriptions, Woodbridge 1995.

    A. Petrucci - C. Romeo, Scriptores in urbibus. Alfabetismo e cultura scritta nell'Italia altomedievale, Bologna 1992.

    G. Polara, Aenigmata, in Lo spazio letterario del Medioevo. 1. Il Medioevo latino, a cura di G. Cavallo, C. Leonardi, E. Menestò, I: La produzione del testo, Roma 1993, pp. 197-26.

    E. Polomé, The Names of the Runes, in A. Bammesberger (ed.), Old English Runes and their Continental Background, Heidelberg 1991, pp. 421-438.

    F. Saxl - R. Wittkower, British Art and the Mediterranean, Oxford-New York 1948.

    K. Schneider, Die germanischen Runennamen, Meisenheim 1956.

    K. Schneider, Zu den Inschriften und Bildern des Franks Casket und einer ae. Version des Mythos von Balders Tod, in Festschrift für Walther Fischer, Heidelberg 1959, pp. 4-20.

    P. R. Schroeder, Stylistic Analogies between Old English Art and Poetry, Viator 5 (1974), pp. 185-97.

    U. Schwab, Franks Casket, Fünf Studien zum Runenkästchen von Auzon, Wien 2008.

    W.G. Searle, Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum, Cambridge 1897, rist. Hildesheim 1969.

    S. Settis, Continuità, distanza, conoscenza. Tre usi dell'antico, in Memoria dell'antico nell'arte italiana, III, Torino 1986, pp. 375-486.

    R. Sgarbi, Note sulla fonetica dei testi runici in inglese antico, Rendiconti dell'Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere 122 (1988), pp. 129-143.

    P. W. Souers, The Top of the Franks Casket, Harvard Studies and Notes in Philology and Literature 17 (1935), pp. 163-179.

    P. W. Souers, The Franks Casket: Left Side, Harvard Studies and Notes in Philology and Literature 18 (1936), pp. 199-209.

    P. W. Souers, The Magi on the Franks Casket, Harvard Studies and Notes in Philology and Literature 19 (1937), pp. 249-254.

    P. W. Souers, The Wayland Scene on the Franks Casket, Speculum 18 (1943), pp. 104-111.

    K. Spiess, Das angelsächsische Runenkästchen (die Seite mit der Hos-Inschrift), in Josef Strzygowski-Festschrift, Klagenfurt 1932, pp. 160-168.

    G. Stephens, Old-Northern Runic Monuments of Scandinavia and England, London 1866-1901.

    H. Sweet, The Oldest English Texts (= EETS, O.S. 83), London 1885, repr. 1957.

    H. Sweet, A second Anglo-Saxon Reader, Archaic and dialectal, Oxford 1887.

    D. Talbot Rice (ed.), The Dark Ages, London 1965, p. 265. A.L. Vandersall, The Date and Provenance of the Franks Casket, Gesta 11, 2 (1972), pp. 9-26.

    W. Viëtor, Das angelsächsische Runenkästchen aus Auzon bei Clermont-Ferrand, Marburg 1901.

    E. Wadstein, The Clermont Runic Casket, (Skrifter utgivna af kgl. humanistiska Vetenskapssamfundet, vi, 7), Uppsala 1900.

    L. Webster, Stylistic Aspects of the Franks Casket, in R. Farrell (ed.), The Vikings, London 1982, pp. 20-31.

    L. Webster, The Franks Casket, in L. Webster - J. Backhouse (ed.s), The Making of England. Anglo-Saxon Art and Culture, AD 600-900, London 1991, pp. 101-103.

    L.Webster, The Iconograhic Programme of the Franks Casket, in J. Hawkes & S. Mills (ed.) Northumbria’s Golden Age (1999), pp. 227 - 246

    L. Webster, The Franks Casket, British Museum, Objects in focus, 64 pages (2012)

    D.M. Wilson, Anglo-Saxon Art, from the seventh Century to the Norman Conquest, London 1984.

    A. Wolf, Franks Casket in literarhistorischer Sicht, Frühmittelalterliche Studien 3 (1969), pp. 227-243.

    P. Zumthor, Langue, texte, énigme, Paris 1975.

    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    Literature on Rune Magic adopted from: https://norse-mythology.org/runes/the-best-books-on-the-runes/ (Daniel McCoy)

    Futhark: A Handbook of Rune Magic by Edred Thorsson
    “Edred Thorsson” is the pen name of Stephen Flowers, a runic scholar with a Ph.D. in Germanic studies from the University of Texas in Austin (for his dissertation, Runes and Magic, see #9 below). As you’d expect from someone with that background and those credentials, “Futhark” is, of all of the guidebooks on runic magic, almost certainly the one most thoroughly informed by the historical practice of runic magic, both in the ancient Germanic world and in its earliest revival in the nineteenth-century German Romantic movement and the works of pioneers such as Guido von List. As with all books on runic magic, however, the book is also heavily colored by Flowers’s own insights gained from several years’ experience in practicing runic magic firsthand. That’s far from a bad thing, of course; especially given how fragmentary the surviving primary sources on historical Germanic religion are, it’s absolutely necessary to use one’s intuition to fill in the gaps, and Thorsson’s intuition is exceptionally lucid.
    Futhark is extremely thorough and well-informed, and I recommend it very highly. It will especially appeal to indigenists and traditionalists who seek to eschew “New Age fluff” and to base their own practice on historical runic magic as completely as possible.

    Runelore: The Magic, History, and Hidden Codes of the Runes by Edred Thorsson
    The Magic, History, and Hidden Codes of the Runes is something of a sequel to his earlier Futhark: A Handbook of Rune Magic (#2 above). Earlier editions were published with the (in my opinion better) subtitle A Handbook of Esoteric Runology.
    Runelore is divided into two parts, both of which occupy roughly half of the book: “Historical Lore” and “Hidden Lore.” The section on “Historical Lore” gives a history of the origins, development, and use of the runes from before the Viking Age up through the modern runic revival. This section relies heavily on the author’s excellent Runes and Magic, his Ph.D. thesis in runology published under his real name, Stephen Flowers (see #9 below). A particularly delightful chapter in this section is “Rune Poems,” where Thorsson provides translations and discussions of the Rune Poems, one of the foremost primary sources for our knowledge of the runes today.
    The section on “Hidden Lore” is more philosophical and psychological. The contents of this section are all firmly rooted in traditional Germanic lore, but go well beyond it. And that’s inevitable in any good book on the runes; due to the paucity of information on the runes in the primary sources, which are themselves of a rather fragmentary nature, one has to round out the available facts with supplemental intuition and explorations of other fields (while still staying true to the sources, of course) in order to (re)construct anything like a coherent, workable system of runic philosophy and/or magic. While I don’t agree with everything in this section, it’s one of the best attempts that have been made so far in this regard.
    Any student of the runes will get a lot out of Runelore, whether as a standalone book or in conjunction with Futhark.

    Runecaster’s Handbook by Edred Thorsson
    Edred Thorsson’s Runecaster’s Handbook is the third and final installment in his trilogy on runic magic for the lay reader. (The first two installments are Futhark, #2 above, and Runelore, #3 above.)
    Whereas Runelore is the most philosophical, theoretical, and scholarly of the trilogy, Runecaster’s Handbook is the most directly practical. To make sure you’re not aimlessly spinning your wheels or inadvertently doing counterproductive or even dangerous things in your rune workings, however, Runecaster’s Handbook still provides at least some basic theory.
    Nevertheless, the primary focus of Runecaster’s Handbook is on the practice of runic magic itself. The book includes numerous different methods and pre-established rituals for rune readings, runic divination, etc. It really takes you step by step through the whole process, from creating and charging the necessary tools to what to expect from the outcomes.

    Rudiments of Runelore by Stephen Pollington
    The final four books on this list aren’t guidebooks on rune magic. Rather, they’re scholarly books on the runes as historical phenomena.
    Independent scholar Stephen Pollington’s Rudiments of Runelore is a highly accessible, engaging, and accurate introduction to the study of the runes. While rigorous and reliable, it’s written with a lay audience in mind – the best of both worlds.
    Pollington discusses the origin of the runic characters, their meanings and associations, their variations across the Germanic world, their linguistic properties, their historical uses, and more. Since Pollington is first and foremost a scholar of the Anglo-Saxon world, the Old English runes get much more treatment here than they typically would in an introductory work like this. So if you’re especially interested in the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, as that runic alphabet is called, you’ll be particularly pleased with this book. And if you’re looking for a pan-Germanic approach, you’ll certainly find that here, too, even if Pollington doesn’t go into as much detail about the other areas of the Germanic world.
    If you’re looking for a concise, accessible, single-volume introduction to the scholarly study of the runes, Rudiments of Runelore is an excellent choice.

 

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